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Atmosphere and Climate.

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Class 9 Geography – Detailed Notes Atmosphere and Climate 1. What is the Atmosphere? The atmosphere is the thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth. It is held around the Earth by the force of gravity. The atmosphere is essential for life because it: • Provides oxygen for respiration. • Provides carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. • Protects Earth from harmful solar radiation. • Maintains a suitable temperature for life. • Helps in the formation of clouds and rainfall. • Supports the water cycle and weather processes. PART A – ATMOSPHERE 2. Composition of the Atmosphere The atmosphere consists mainly of gases, water vapour and dust particles. Major gases Gas Approximate proportion Importance Nitrogen 78% Essential for plant growth and protein formation Oxygen 21% Necessary for respiration and combustion Argon 0.93% Inert gas Carbon dioxide About 0.04% Required for photosynthesis and helps regulate temperature Other gases Very small amounts Include ...
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Shaping of Earth surface

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Class 9 Social Science – Chapter 2: Shaping of the Earth's Surface 30 Competency-Based & Long Revision Questions (with Bullet-Point Answers) 1. Explain how endogenic and exogenic forces work together to shape the Earth's surface. • Endogenic forces create landforms through uplift and volcanic activity. • Exogenic forces wear them down through weathering and erosion. • Both continuously modify the Earth's surface. • Together they maintain the cycle of landform development. 2. Why is the Earth's surface constantly changing? Explain with examples. • Internal forces cause earthquakes and volcanoes. • External forces include rivers, glaciers, wind and sea waves. • Weathering and erosion reshape landforms. • Human activities also accelerate changes. 3. Differentiate between weathering and erosion. • Weathering breaks rocks at the same place. • Erosion removes and transports weathered materials. • Weathering does not involve movement. • Erosion involves transpo...
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA (MCQ)

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  Multiple choice questions with answers:- Q.1 Which of the following are considered the most recent landforms in India? a) The Peninsular Plateau b) The Northern Plains c) The Coastal Plains d) The Indian Desert Answer:  b) The Northern Plains Q.2 What type of terrain is common in the Himalayan Mountains? a) Vast stretches of plains b) Rugged terrain with high peaks and deep valleys c) Gently rising hills and wide valleys d) Sandy and dry desert regions Answer:  b) Rugged terrain with high peaks and deep valleys Q.3 The Peninsular Plateau is primarily composed of which types of rocks? a) Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks b) Alluvial and sedimentary rocks c) Igneous and metamorphic rocks d) Limestone and granite rocks Answer:  c) Igneous and metamorphic rocks Q.4 Which of the following physical features of India is considered geologically unstable? a) The Peninsular Plateau b) The Northern Plains c) The Himalayan Mountains d) The Coastal Plains Answer:  c) The H...
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